Thinking about buying a 600?
Here's some advice for first timers.Most anyone who is at this site already knows that this is an
elite car so I won't add to all the superlatives you will certainly encounter while shopping for a 600. What must be kept in mind is that there are likewise superlative repair and upkeep costs with these cars. The purchase of a 600 should be undertaken with at least a bit of knowledge about what these cars are all about. A few people have purchased these cars blindly and lived to tell the tale without major mechanical or financial catastrophe. These are the
EXCEPTIONS!
Many people have bought 600s that, for one reason or another, were less than ideal, sometimes in the extreme! This thread is intended to give the potential 600 buyer some basic knowledge to help insure that they make an informed buying decision, hopefully with no surprises.
Having said that, I feel a few words about "cars as investments" is in order here. While is is true that 600s are quite rare and going up in value as time passes, it must be remembered that they are also cursed with four doors and (except for the landaulets) fixed roofs. Personally, I don't buy cars "as an investment". There are some people who can do this successfully, but they aren't buying 600s to accomplish any goals for a portfolio! These cars are a passion; a labor (and expense) of love. They are best enjoyed as the magnificent
driving machines that they are. Any potential appreciation in these cars' value will almost certainly be
more than offset by the ownership and upkeep costs. There may be an occasional exception to this, but in short, if anyone uses the sales pitch that you should buy one of these cars because of potential appreciation in value, you're dealing with someone who is nowhere near as smart as
YOU now are! This doesn't mean you should walk away just yet, but be wary! Now for a bit of background on these cars.
The 600 was produced from 1963-1981, during which time a total of 2677 600s were made. US versions were discontinued after 1972 due primarily to emission and other US regulations. The cars came in three main configurations:
The basic five passenger limousine, also known as the SWB (short wheel base).
The LWB or Pullman which was a stretched version...much rarer.
The Landaulet, which was a LWB that had a convertible top for the rear occupants...EXTREMELY rare.
There was also a subtype of the Landaulet known as the Presidential Landaulet which had a longer convertible top.
Below is a list of the yearly production figures. I list them here as a way of verifying that the VIN number approximately matches the supposed year of the car. The last four digits of the VIN numbers are the exact sequential number of production. For example,100.012-12-001345, is the 1345th 600 built. I have seen ads for cars where these things were out of whack...IE a supposed 1966 model with a VIN number ending over 1000 should raise a flag right off the bat. These numbers should be considered as a
guide only; the exact model year/VIN can sometimes be a bit vague as you transition from year to year. A supposed '71 model ending in 2245, for example, wouldn't cause me any real concern if all else is in order. Here are the figures:
Production 1963-1981Year #made Last one built that year
1963----3----------------0003
1964----107-------------0110
1965----408-------------0518
1966----323-------------0841
1967----159-------------1000
1968----223-------------1223
1969----336-------------1559
1970----236-------------1795
1971----237-------------2032
1972----210-------------2242
1973----82--------------2324
1974----52--------------2376
1975----42--------------2418
1976----47--------------2465
1977----55--------------2520
1978----40--------------2560
1979----53--------------2613
1980----44--------------2657
1981----20--------------2677
Total 2677 units, 2190 SWBs, 423 Pullmans, 59 landaulets.
Generational differences There are essentially two "generations" of the 600: The early versions ran through the end of the 1967 model year. The later versions began in 1968 until the end of production. The primary differences between the two versions are as follows.
Early versions:Generally more wood. The entire instrument binnacle is wood, there is a wooden console tray between the front seats, and an additional wood piece under each door armrest.
Earlier version of air conditioning in the climate control system.
Early style wheel covers.
Hydraulic door assists.
Non-US models have a more rounded glass lens on the headlights.
Later versions:Leather covering instead of wood on instrument binnacle and elsewhere.
An improved air conditioning system in which a tall center console compartment can be utilized as an refrigerator.
Later style wheel covers (usually).
No hydraulic door assists.
Non-US models have the flatter headlight lenses.
There is no correct answer as to which version may be the "better" of the two. The later versions definitely cool the cabin better on hot days, and there is no denying that having a fridge in the armrest is really neat. However, I just love the extra wood in the early versions...they have a more inviting look to them. On the other hand it should also be noted that the hydraulic door assists on the early cars are another gadget that can be troublesome. I wouldn't consider them a deal-breaker, but one should be aware of them and make sure they work properly.
The two styles of wheel covers actually changed over in the 1969 model year, so it would be "correct" to have early ones all the way through 1969. The wheels themselves did not change, so either type of wheel cover would fit any 600.
Below, are pics of some of these differences.
Early binnacle
Leather binnacle
Early console
Pic coming soon! Late consoleInside the fridgeEarly wheel coverLate wheel cover
Extra door catch on early lock with door assist
Pics coming soon! (circled)
Now that you know some general stuff about the 600 model, here is some more detail about these beasts. Please note my "disclaimer" in the following paragraph.
I list the following areas of vehicle inspection so that the novice purchaser will hopefully be able to determine
if a car warrants further consideration and the added
NECESSARY expense of a thorough inspection by someone mechanically familiar with 600s. No one should buy one of these cars unless it has been inspected by a well qualified 600 technician. With this guide, you should be able to weed out cars that obviously have too many areas in need of attention. I have tried to make it as complete as possible, but to use this guide by itself, without a "real" inspection, is a risky proposition and I advise against doing so.
The Grand 600 employed what was then cutting edge technology in all aspects of its design. As a result of this, the car has features and systems that can be extremely complicated and expensive maintain or repair. Once they're properly set up and sorted out, however, they absolutely MAKE the car. Here's an overview of the main systems on these cars and some things to watch out for.
ENGINE AND TRANSMISSIONThere was only one engine used, the legendary 6.3 litre V8 which was designed specifically for this car. It was available in various states of tune depending largely on where it was to be sold. The differences are most pronounced in the US market where earlier cars generally have a bit more power than later ones as compression was lowered in about late 1970.
All of these cars used a Bosch mechanical fuel injection system (MFIS) for fuel delivery. This was top shelf stuff back then, but the system can have quirks, especially when it is a few decades old. Unless the main injection pump (sitting in the "V" between the cylinder banks) has been rebuilt within the past 5-10 years, you should expect that this will be needed. One fairly reliable sign for needing such a rebuild is the presence of oil/fuel in the "V" under the pump. This may have other causes, but anticipating the worst case scenario will leave you better prepared as a buyer. There are other minor quirks with this system, but none that will likely cost as much as an injection pump rebuild.
It is very important to know the condition of the fuel system that leads TO the MFIS (injection) pump. Go to this part of the M-100 web boards for Dan Smith's excellent advice on this:
http://www.m-100.cc/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=21To sum up: fuel tanks, lines, filters, tank senders, etc. can all get badly fouled from corrosion
ESPECIALLY in cars that have been SITTING for a long time. If the car hasn't been run for many months, it may be wise not to even start the car until the fuel system is cleaned up and won't be feeding contaminants to the injection pump. If the car has been sitting a year or more, I would
absolutely not, under any circumstances attempt to start the car until this is done. You're just begging for big problems later on if you do. If the car has been started and driven fairly regularly, this shouldn't be a major concern at this point, especially if the car runs well.
Obviously, if the car runs rough at all, this needs to be looked at by someone who is qualified. Don't buy into the 'ol, "oh it just needs a tune up". That may well be all it needs but it may also be a sign of bigger problems. Most of these cars have a slightly "lumpy" idle. If the car runs strongly otherwise, it's probably not a big concern. Be sure to try both fully cold and hot starts. Tricky hot starting (after several minutes of sitting, engine off) isn't unusual on these cars, but it can usually be remedied without being extremely expensive, but do add it to "The List".
The transmissions on these cars are pretty tough, but a couple of things should be kept in mind. First, know that
age all by itself can lead to the need for a rebuild, even with fairly low mileage. I know this because it happened to me, and I had no expectation of trans problems on a 70000 mile car. Also you should know that these trannys shift quite firmly. This is normal. A slushy shifting trans is a definite sign of trouble, especially under hard acceleration.
HYDRAULICSPerhaps the scariest system (in terms of costs) on the car is the "comfort hydraulic system".
This system operates a large number of accessory functions, most importantly, the windows, seat adjustments both front and rear, trunk operation, sunroof, door assists (early models only) and a number of other things.
Rare is the car in which this system functions perfectly. With the car running, try operating everything in sight: all windows, front and rear seats, sunroof, heating and A/C, center vent flap and last but not least, the trunk.
WARNING!
The trunk on these cars must NOT be closed by hand! Open by pulling the latch, close ONLY by pushing the latch button in. Trying to close the trunk by pushing down on the lid as in a conventional car WILL damage the lid and/or hinges! If the above procedure does not, by itself, fully open and close the trunk, than the trunk needs repair...add it to "The List"!
While checking the various functions, keep an eye open for leaks. Red fluid on the door sills is a fairly common site on these cars. Some leaks are not too pricey to fix, while others may be a nightmare. Small amounts of seepage are often not worth the expense of repair, but any leaks should be noted and, if possible, diagnosed prior to purchase. Items that function very slowly or not at all are often in need only of an adjustment. However, in extreme cases of wear, window switches in particular may require replacement and this can cost literally THOUSANDS of dollars (yes, you read that right!). Most other switches don't wear out far enough to require replacement as they generally get less use, but it is still possible. Fortunately, most of the hydraulic components can be rebuilt, but even this can by very costly. My main point that you go in to this with your eyes open. If there is any hydraulic accessory that isn't right, having this system checked by an expert prior to purchase may save you a ton of money. Make sure each of these items in noted on "The List"!
AIR SUSPENSIONThis system is operationally identical to the systems found on 109 body 300 series cars and a number of the components are actually shared with the smaller 300 models. One significant difference is that the air tank has two chambers, one of which is used for power boosting the brake system. With low pressure in the system, one will see a BRAKE warning light since that system has priority over the suspension, yet they "share" a common air source. The brake system is separated from the air suspension beyond the air tank so that a leak in the suspension won't cause loss of brake pressure.
Try to ascertain how long the car will stay up between starts. You'll be trusting the seller's answer on this, but if it's in terms of hours, obviously the system is leaking badly. If it's days, you're probably OK, but remember that these things always worsen with time, so next year you may well be down to "hours"! A decently functioning car will stay up for several days at least, ideally for weeks. If the car wasn't up when you first arrived to look at it, take note of how many minutes it takes for the light to extinguish once the engine is started. If it's much more than a few minutes, you have a pretty darned leaky system, a worn-out air compressor, or both. Another check of the condition of the compressor is to drain the tank and see how gunky the condensate is.
Look under the left front fender and you will see an oval shaped tank with two drain valves on the bottom of it. One is for the suspension system, the other for the brakes. Unless you like oily hands, wear a glove or something and push each drain valve sideways. You will probably get at least a little brownish crud out. If it is much more than a tablespoon or so, it indicates that either the tanks haven't been drained in a while OR the compressor may be getting worn (or both). After this is done, again see how long it takes to extinguish the warning light. A lot of muck and a long time to regain operating pressure definitely means it's time for a compressor. These can be rebuilt and aren't extremely costly, but...add this to "The List".
It must be remembered that air suspension systems WILL eventually become leaky, no matter how perfectly they stay up now. Here's the part that throws people: the usual culprit
isn't the rubber air bags. Those can be a leak source, but far more likely is the leveling valves under the car. The reason for this is that they are always moving and the tiny synthetic seals inside these valves begin to wear and air begins to seep out. This leakage tends to worsen in colder weather; some cars stay up for weeks in the summer, but only for days in the winter. No matter what, PLAN to have to replace all three leveling valves about every 4-6 years. They are a wear-out item...it's just a fact of life.
Now for the good news: These valves are also rebuildable. A full set (rebuilt) should be in the $1500 ballpark...not all that bad as 600 parts go! Installing these is pretty straightforward, too.
Obviously, there are several other components in these systems that can be the cause of leaks. Having a look at the external condition of the bags can generally be relied on to eliminate them as possible leak sources. If they aren't all dried up and cracked or otherwise visibly damaged, they are probably OK. That leaves things like the master control valve, pressure regulator and lines. None of this stuff is cheap, but compared to the hydraulic system, these parts are not all that expensive. Labor to ferret out leaks and install components DOES add up however, so add obvious air ride problems to ...you guessed it..."The List".
CHASSIS RUBBERWhile we're on the subject of suspensions, however, I must mention an area that is MANY TIMES more expensive than air ride problems: RUBBER! Perhaps the biggest marvel of engineering these cars had was their suspension. Not just the air ride part, but the total package. These cars absolutely set
THE standard for many years in combining a velvet-smooth ride with extraordinarily responsive handling characteristics. The suspension components work in utter harmony to accomplish all this and a large part of this harmony comes about because of the inclusion of rubber mounts and bushings located in just the right places throughout the suspension. The problem for today's buyer of these cars is: rubber rots with age! Much of this rubber isn't visible on the 600 without major disassembly of certain suspension or driveline components. The big problem with all of this is the cost to replace all of this rubber is so far beyond what most people would find reasonable that it is rarely done, even on otherwise well kept cars.
So, how much are we talking about? I would budget about $20,000, give or take a couple to replace ALL of it. Why so much? Because it's a 600, which means each of these rubber pieces is VERY expensive (and unique to this model), and installing them involves a great deal of labor as well. In many cases, the car IS safe-to-drive with tired rubber, but it will definitely lack the sensational feel of comfort and precise handling that these cars were (and are) so noted for. Here again, the suspension must be inspected by someone who really knows 600s to verify that it is still a safe to operate and that driving it won't cause premature wear on driveline or suspension components. Many symptoms of tired rubber will show up as it would in a conventional car such as any type of clunking or looseness in the suspension. Often, a fairly loud "click" will be heard when first putting the car in reverse. The main thing you as a potential buyer must know is that suspension noises are almost never a simple or inexpensive fix. If you have a car that has recently had much of all of this work recently done, you're WAY ahead. Proper evaluation of the suspension is one of THE MOST important things to have done prior to purchasing.
BRAKESBrakes are yet another system on the 600 that can run you into BIG trouble fast. First and foremost
BE CERTAIN that ALL rubber brake hoses have been replaced within the last 4 or 5 years. If this cannot be verified, the best advice is NOT to drive the car. This may seem drastic, but the consequences can be disastrous. The problem is that brake hoses, especially on cars that aren't driven a lot, tend to swell-up internally while looking just fine on the outside. This swelling makes then act as one-way valves and prevents the brake(s) from releasing properly when the pedal is released. Because of the immense power of these cars, a dragging brake may well go unnoticed until it is literally
RED HOT. There have been some cars that caught fire and burned up when this happened. If there is any doubt as to the integrity of the brake hoses, just don't drive the car. These parts are one of the few that are shared with other models and are actually quite
inexpensive to replace.
The brakes are power boosted from compressed air, not vacuum as would be the case in a conventional car. This booster itself is much smaller than a vacuum style booster, but it is a very expensive unit to replace. The red BRAKE warning light is an indicator of low air pressure in the reservoir tank, which is used for air suspension AND brake boost. If this light is on there is a POSSIBILITY that brake pressure is low, but more likely it is the suspension side of things that is low and the brakes will be sufficiently boosted. It's not generally a good idea to drive the car in either circumstance...the light should be extinguished before driving the car.
The remainder of the brake system is not really any more prone to trouble than that of a conventional car, so simply being alert for chattering, grinding or pulling while braking will most likely be reliable indicators of potential problems here. Some light and occasional squeaking is basically normal, however. Once again, remember that this system is completely unique to the 600 and parts are VERY expensive if serious brake work is needed. Just a set of brake pads for this car is well over $1000! If calipers, master cylinder or power booster need rebuilding, plan on several thousand dollars for a complete brake job.
CLIMATE CONTROLNext we come to the climate control system. There's not really much that can be checked adequately by the novice buyer here, other than to be able to tell if the A/C is blowing cold and the heat is blowing hot. Both of these functions are operated by the controls at the center of the dash and if the car is still being considered seriously, the system will be thoroughly examined by your 600 expert. Parts wise, the most expensive component in this system is the control unit. Usually, problems with this unit are evidenced by the system feeding the cabin with the wrong temperature air.
CENTRAL LOCKSThe central locking system is another system that works in the same way as that of of the models, but using 600 sized parts. These systems tend to lose vacuum with age and major components can be rebuilt. A general test of the system can be done by simply locking and unlocking the driver's door with the car off and observing that the door locks, trunk and gas filler door lock and unlock with the system through at least a few cycles. Often the system will lock the car, but loses vacuum after sitting for a while and won't unlock. Components that aren't locking or unlocking or a system that bleeds down too quickly indicate leaks...more items for "The List" .
ELECTRICALThe last system we'll discuss here is the electrical system and again there really isn't much to talk about. 600s are equipped with two alternators, each of which can carry the normal electrical loads of the car. If all is functioning normally, you should see two red lights on in the speedo when the key is on and engine is not running. If either or both of these remain on after starting, it indicates that that alternator is not putting out any current. Each alternator has its own accessory belt. These belts are very small and more failure prone than they should be. The left one is easy to change, the right one is a real bear as it is the innermost belt. The alternators themselves are conventional Bosch units and are inexpensive to rebuild. The rest of the electrical system is generally not prone to many problems.
*********So that about wraps up the things that are unique to the 600. The rest of your inspection would be the same as for any used car, so I won't be going over that here. Assuming the car has generally passed your inspection thus far, your next problem is to get a
detailed inspection by a well qualified person and try to get firm answers on the items on "The List". It may take some time to arrange for this inspection and it will likely be somewhat expensive, but it will be money wisely spent as opposed to rolling the dice on the ultimate cost of correcting a defect.
A good rule of thumb on buying any M-100 powered car is to get the absolute NICEST one you can possibly afford. Attempting to buy one "as a restoration project" or assuming that a car needing a few repairs will be sufficiently less expensive to own almost never works with these cars. Even if you are extraordinarily talented mechanically and have a great facility in which to work, it is very unlikely that you will come out ahead in the end. Additionally, you'll be able to enjoy the car much sooner than if you have a long list of work that the car needs. Don't be in a rush and try out a number of cars.
Some time back, Karl Middlehauve wrote an article on 600 purchase and ownership which covers much of what I have written here. In that article he spells out what kinds of cars you will likely end up with at different price points. Here is how he lays it out.
A car that costs this much to purchase...................................needs this much work:
Less than $10,000................................................................a parts car.
$10,000-20,000................................................................... needs $20,000- 40,000.
$20,000-30,000....................................................................needs $10,000- 30,000...a fair driver.
$30,000-50,000..................................................... ..............needs $10,000- 20,000...a good driver.
$50,000-100,000 with very low miles..................may well need $ 50,000 (the high cost of non-use)
>$100,000.................................................................... mechanically and cosmetically flawlessThe above figures are for SWB models. Pullmans will cost many thousands more to purchase, but repair and upkeep costs will likely be similar.
When you find one that seems right based on the information posted here and elsewhere, get it inspected. If it passes that test, you should be able to own the "ultimate motorcar".
Tim Hartney[/b]
When in doubt...GET ENOUGH!